Ukuthumela Ngomkhumbi Ukusuka eChina ukuya eBrazil Kuyashesha futhi Kuthembekile

Ukhathele yini izikhathi zokuhamba ezingalindelekile, izindleko zokuthutha ezikhuphukayo, kanye nobunzima obudumile bemikhuba yaseBrazil ebambezela uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka ngempahla? Awuwedwa. Eminyakeni yethu engaphezu kweyishumi yokuphatha umzila wezohwebo phakathi kweChina neBrazil e- I-DTFU International Logistics, sibonile mathupha ukuthi kuqine kangakanani I-Receita Federal Imithethonqubo (ye-Federal Revenue) kanye nentela ephezulu yokungenisa impahla kungashintsha ukuthunyelwa okunenzuzo kube yiphupho elibi kakhulu. Ikhodi eyodwa ye-NCM engahlelwanga kahle (i-Mercosur Common Nomenclature) noma ilayisensi ye-RADAR engekho ingakubiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngokunciphisa intela, ukubambezeleka, kanye nezinhlawulo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthengisi we-Amazon FBA oqala eBrazil, umthengi we-Alibaba othenga izinto zikagesi, noma umsabalalisi omkhulu othutha imishini esindayo, lo mhlahlandlela ophelele unikeza amasu aqondile, izilinganiso zezindleko zangempela, kanye nezikhathi zokuthutha ozidingayo ukuze ungenise ngenzuzo nangokubikezelayo emakethe yaseBrazil.

Ukuthunyelwa Ngomkhumbi Kusuka eShayina Kuya eBrazil (Julayi 2026)

izimpahla zasolwandle kuyindlela yokuphila yokuhweba phakathi kweShayina neBrazil, ephatha ngaphezu kuka-90% wemithwalo yempahla. Kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthutha imithwalo emikhulu yempahla. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana ezindaweni ezinkulu njengePort of Santos kuyinto evamile, evame ukubhebhethekiswa ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwezolimo ngezikhathi ezithile. Sihlala sicebisa amakhasimende ethu ukuthi akhe isivikelo sezinsuku eziyi-7-10 ekuhleleni kwawo uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla ngezikhathi zonyaka eziphakeme (Q3 kanye Q4).

Okuhlangenwe nakho Okubalulekile: Ukususwa kwezimpahla eBrazil kuyaziwa ngokuhamba kancane. Ugibe oluvamile lwabangenisi abasha ukwehluleka ukuxoxisana ngezinsuku ezinde ze-Demurrage and Detention (D&D). Sivame ukuvikela izinsuku ezingama-21 kuya kwezingama-30 zamahhala kumakhasimende ethu e-FCL ukuze sivimbele izinhlawulo ezinkulu zokugcina amachweba ngenkathi sibheka ukuhlolwa kwe-Receita Federal.

Lapho bekhetha imithwalo yolwandle, abathumeli banezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko kuye ngobuningi bemithwalo yabo: i-FCL kanye ne-LCL.

I-FCL (Umthwalo Wesitsha Esigcwele)

I-FCL isho ukuthi uqasha isitsha esiphelele esingamamitha angu-20 noma angu-40 ngezimpahla zakho zodwa. Lena inketho ephephile kakhulu futhi engabizi uma ivolumu yokuthumela kwakho idlula amamitha ayi-cubic angu-15 (CBM). Ngenxa yokuthi isitsha sivaliwe efektri eShayina futhi sivulwa kuphela lapho sifika endaweni yokugcina impahla eboshiwe eBrazil, ingozi yokulimala noma yokulahlekelwa incane kakhulu. Isibonelo, muva nje sisize umsabalalisi wemishini esindayo ukunciphisa izindleko zakhe zokuthumela ngeyunithi ngayinye ngo-35% ngokwenza ngcono ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo yezitsha ezingamamitha angu-40 High Cube (HQ), ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni ye-VGM (Verified Gross Mass) yaseBrazil ukuvimbela ukugudluzwa kwe-origin-port.

I-LCL (Ingaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha)

Uma umthwalo wakho umncane (ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-CBM eyodwa ne-CBM eyi-15), i-LCL iyindlela okufanele uyenze. Izimpahla zakho zizokwabelana ngesikhala sama-container nezimpahla zabanye abangenisi. Nakuba izindleko ze-CBM ngayinye ziphakeme kancane kune-FCL ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuqeda ukuhlanganiswa (izimali ze-CFS), ishibhile kakhulu kunezimpahla zomoya.

Ithiphu yochwepheshe: Uma umthwalo wakho we-LCL udinga ama-pallet okhuni, wena kumele sebenzisa ukhuni olulungisiwe oluqinisekiswe yi-ISPM-15 futhi uqinisekise ukuthi lugxivizwe ngokucacile. Ukupakisha okungahambisani nemithetho kuzophawulwa ngokushesha yi-MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture), okuzoholela ekuhlukanisweni kwempahla, ukubulala ngofuzo okuphoqelekile, kanye nezinhlawulo ezinkulu ngezindleko zakho.

Ukuthunyelwa Ngendiza Okuvela EShayina Kuya EBrazil (Julayi 2026)

Izimpahla zomoya kuyindlela yokuthumela esheshayo nephephile kakhulu, evame ukuletha izimpahla ezivela eShayina (isb., eShenzhen, eShanghai) ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseBrazil (njengeGuarulhos - GRU noma iViracopos - VCP) ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7 kuphela. Iyisisombululo esifanele sama-elekthronikhi anenani eliphezulu, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, noma isitokwe esithinta isikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, izindiza "eziqondile" ezivela eShayina ziya eBrazil azikho nhlobo; iningi lezimpahla lidlula eYurophu noma eMpumalanga Ephakathi (isb., ngeQatar Airways noma e-Emirates). Izimpahla zomoya ngokuvamile zikhokhiswa ngokusekelwe ku- isisindo esikhokhiswayo (isisindo sangempela uma siqhathaniswa nesisindo esinomthamo, noma yikuphi okukhulu).

Ingozi Yezindleko Ezifihliwe: Izimali zokugcina isikhumulo sezindiza saseBrazil (Isitoreji), ebalwa yi-Infraero noma izinkampani ezizimele ezinikeza izimpahla esikhumulweni sezindiza, ibiza kakhulu futhi ihlanganiswa nsuku zonke ngokusekelwe kumaphesenti enani le-CIF. Uma imibhalo yakho (i-Commercial Invoice, Uhlu Lokupakisha, i-AWB) ingaqinisekiswanga kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuba i-wheel-up eShayina, impahla yakho ingase ibhajwe 'ku-Red Channel' (Umsele waseVermelho), usula izinzuzo zakho zemali yokugcina kuphela. Sinciphisa lokhu ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ze-NCM kanye nokufakwa kwe-Siscomex akunazinkinga. ngaphambi ukusuka.

Ukuthunyelwa Komnyango Nomnyango Kusuka EShayina Kuya EBrazil (Julayi 2026)

Yiqiniso umnyango nomuzi Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eBrazil kudinga ukusebenza okuvumelana kakhulu ngenxa yezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuvikela zezwe. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DDP yangempela ayivunyelwe ukungeniswa kwezentengiselwano, abathengisi bangaphandle abakwazi ukumane bakhokhe yonke intela kusengaphambili bese beletha ekhelini lendawo.

Kunalokho, sihlela ukusebenza kwe-DAP (Delivered at Place) okungenazinkinga noma sisebenzisa izinhlaka zeNkampani Yokuhweba ezihambisanayo (Okubalulekile ku-Conta e OrdemLokhu kuhilela ukudluliselwa okungenaphutha phakathi kwamaqembu ethu okuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseShayina kanye namaqembu ethu aseBrazil anelayisensi Ama-Despachantes Aduaneiros (Abadayisi Bempahla Ejwayelekile).

Siphatha ukuthuthwa kwempahla okusuka kuyo, ukuthutha olwandle/emoyeni, futhi sisebenzisana ngqo nenhlangano yakho yendawo ukuze siphathe iSimemezelo Sokungenisa (i-DI). Uma sesivunyelwe, senza imisebenzi yokuthutha yangaphakathi nezwe (Ikhabhothi noma ukuthutha ngemigwaqo), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zakho zifika esikhungweni sakho sokusabalalisa noma enqolobaneni yempahla yaseMercado Livre ngaphandle kokuthi udinge ukuhlanganisa abathengisi bezokuthutha abaningi bendawo noma ubeka engcupheni izikhala zokuthobela intela ye-ICMS.

Imizila Emikhulu Yokuthumela Evela eShayina Iya eBrazil

Imizila yokuthumela eyinhloko ixhumanisa izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza zaseShayina namachweba abalulekile aseBrazil. Ukukhetha indlela efanele kuthinta kokubili isikhathi sokuhamba kanye nezindleko zokulethwa ngaphakathi ezweni.

Nasi incazelo yamachweba amakhulu ahilelekile kulo mzila wokuhweba, ngokusekelwe kudatha yethu yansuku zonke yomzila:

Izindleko zokuthumela zisuka eShayina ziya eBrazil (Julayi 2026)

Izindleko zokuthumela ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe endleleni yokuthutha ekhethiwe, isidingo sesizini (njengokushesha kwangaphambi koNyaka Omusha waseShayina), izindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli (i-BAF), kanye nohlobo oluthile lwempahla. Impahla yolwandle ngokuvamile ibalwa ngesitsha ngasinye noma i-CBM, kuyilapho imithwalo yomoya ibalwa ngekhilogremu.

Ngezansi kuchazwe izindleko ezilinganiselwe ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zemakethe zakamuva. Qaphela: Amanani ayashintshashintsha nsuku zonke ngokusekelwe ezimweni zemakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Ukuze uthole amanani aqondile, asesikhathini afanelana nempahla yakho kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-NCM, kungcono njalo ukucela ikhotheshini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kumthumeli wakho wempahla.

Isikhathi sokuthumela sisuka eShayina siya eBrazil (Julayi 2026)

Izikhathi zokuhamba zisukela ezinsukwini ezi-3-7 ezisheshayo zokuthutha ngendiza kuya ezinsukwini ezinde kakhulu ezingama-30-45 zokuthutha ngemikhumbi. Lo mugqa wesikhathi uthonywa kakhulu ukuthi ukhetha umzila oqondile noma ohamba ngemikhumbi (ngokuvamile udlula eSingapore noma eNingizimu Afrika), kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-"Canal de Parametrização" (Customs Channeling) lapho ufika.

Nasi i-matrix ejwayelekile yesikhathi sokuhamba yokuhlela uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka:

Intela yokungenisa evela eShayina eya eBrazil: I-"Custo Brasil" (Julayi 2026)

IBrazil isebenzisa isakhiwo sentela esiyinkimbinkimbi nesihlanganisiwe ekungenisweni kwempahla, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye ye-"Custo Brasil" (Izindleko zaseBrazil). Umthwalo wentela ophelele ungasukela kalula ku-60% kuya ngaphezulu kuka-100% wenani le-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, kanye Nokuhamba) lezimpahla zakho. Ungalokothi uveze inani le-invoyisi yakho yezentengiselwano ngaphansi; i-Receita Federal ivame ukuhlola ukuthunyelwa futhi ifake izinhlawulo ezinzima (kufika ku-100% womehluko) ngokukhwabanisa.

Intela eyinhloko yokungenisa eBrazil ifaka:

1. II (Imposto de Importação): Intela eyisisekelo yokungenisa impahla kahulumeni, ngokuvamile isukela ku-10% kuya ku-35% kuye ngokuqinile kwiKhodi ye-NCM enezinombolo ezingu-8.
2. IPI (Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados): Intela emikhiqizweni yezimboni, ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-0% no-15%.
3. I-PIS & AMAKHOFI: Ukuhlanganiswa komphakathi kanye neminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi, ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-9.25% kuya ku-11.75%.
4. I-ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços): Intela yezinga lesifundazwe enenani elingeziwe ehluka phakathi kuka-17% no-25% kuye ngokuthi uyaphi (isb., iSão Paulo vs. Santa Catarina). Qaphela: I-ICMS ibalwa ngaphakathi kwesisekelo sayo, okwenza izibalo zibe yinkimbinkimbi.

Inothi Elibalulekile Lokuthobela Imithetho: Ukuze kukhishwe izimpahla zezentengiselwano ngentela, inkampani engenisa impahla eBrazil kumele ibe nelayisensi esemthethweni. Ilayisensi ye-RADAR (Uhlelo lokulandelela lwe-Siscomex). Kunemikhawulo emithathu: I-Express (kufika ku-$50k/izinyanga eziyi-6), I-limited (kufika ku-$150k/izinyanga eziyi-6), kanye ne-Unlimited. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpahla ezithile zingadinga imvume yokuthunyelwa kusengaphambili evela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-ANVISA (izempilo/izimonyo) noma i-INMETRO (i-electronics/ukuphepha).

Inqubo yokuthumela isuka eShayina iye eBrazil

Inqubo yokuthumela ihilela izinyathelo eziningi ezihlelekile. Ukuqonda lo msebenzi kukusiza ukuthi ulindele izidingo futhi ugweme izithiyo.

1. Isilinganiso, Ukubhukha, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-NCM: Nikeza i-truck forwarder yakho imininingwane yempahla. Okubaluleke kakhulu, siqinisekisa amakhodi akho e-NCM ngaphambi ukuthunyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukubikezela intela okunembile nokuhlola noma yimaphi amalayisense e-ANVISA/INMETRO adingekayo.
2. Ukulandwa Kwempahla Nokuhlanganiswa: Umthumeli uhlela ukulandwa efektri yomhlinzeki waseShayina bese eyithutha ayiyise endaweni yokugcina impahla yechweba lokuhamba.
3. I-Export Customs Clearance (China): Umthumeli uphatha yonke imibhalo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yaseShayina.
4. I-International Transit: Impahla ihamba ngemikhumbi yolwandle noma ngendiza yempahla emhlabeni wonke.
5. Imvume Yokungenisa Izimpahla (eBrazil): Lapho zifika, izimpahla zinikezwa isiteshi sentela (Oluhlaza okotshani, Ophuzi, Obomvu, noma Ompunga). Umthengisi wentela uthumela iSimemezelo Sokungenisa (i-DI), akhokhe intela ehlanganisiwe, futhi aqondise noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma kwedokhumenti yi-Receita Federal.
6. Ukulethwa kokugcina: Uma i-"Desembaraço Aduaneiro" (ukususwa kwempahla yamasiko) isikhishiwe, izimpahla zilayishwa emalolini asekhaya bese zilethwa endaweni yakho yokugcina yokugcina impahla noma esikhungweni sokugcwalisa impahla.

Umthumeli Wakho Wezimpahla Othembekile Wokuthunyelwa Kwe-Alibaba Ne-Amazon eBrazil

Ukungenisa eBrazil akudingeki kube yiphupho elibi kakhulu. I-DTFU International Logistics, singochwepheshe ekwenzeni lula imizila yokuhweba eyinkimbinkimbi, enezithiyo ezinkulu. Njengoba sineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yesipiliyoni sokubhekana nezimo ezihlukile zemikhuba yaseBrazil kanye nokuphathwa kweketanga lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke, sinikeza izixazululo eziphelele ezenzelwe ngqo abathengi be-Alibaba, abathengisi be-Amazon FBA, kanye nabangenisi bamabhizinisi.

Sisebenzisa amazinga enkontileka akhethekile kanye nobudlelwano obujulile bezinkampani ukuze sikunikeze izixazululo zokuthumela ezihlala zingaphansi kwesilinganiso semakethe, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yesevisi.

Kungani Khetha i-DTFU?

• Ubuchwepheshe Obujulile Bokulawula: Asigcini nje ngokuhambisa amabhokisi; sihlola amakhodi akho e-NCM, seluleka ngemikhawulo ye-RADAR, futhi sicacise kusengaphambili isu lakho lokuthobela imithetho ukuze sivimbele ukuquleka eSantos noma eGuarulhos.
• Amanani Asobala: Sihlela izindleko zakho eziphelele (kufaka phakathi i-II, i-IPI, i-PIS, i-COFINS, kanye ne-ICMS) kusengaphambili. Azikho izimali ezifihliwe, awekho ama-invoyisi angalindelekile.
• Izikhathi Zokuhamba Ezizinzile: Siqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwezindawo zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zakho zifika ngendlela ebikezelwe, ukunciphisa umthelela wokudluliselwa kwezimpahla esikhathini esimatasa.
• Ubuchwepheshe Benkampani Yokuhweba: Sisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi yaseBrazil yokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yethu yabalingani bokuhweba abathobela imithetho, sikunikeza ulwazi olungenamthungo lokuhamba ngendlu ngendlu.

Ukulungele ukwenza lula uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka futhi unqobe imakethe yaseBrazil? Ake sibhekane nomthwalo osindayo. Xhumana ne-DTFU International Logistics namuhla ukuze uthole isu lokuthumela elenziwe ngokwezifiso, eliqhutshwa yizinzuzo elivikela izinzuzo zakho futhi lisheshise ukukhula kwakho.